Ukulima ngaphandle komhlaba kubhekiselele kwindlela yokulima apho umhlaba wendalo ungasetyenziswanga kodwa kusetyenziswe isubstrate okanye isubstrate kuphela esetyenziselwa ukulima izithole, kwaye isisombululo sezondlo sisetyenziselwa ukunkcenkceshela emva kokutyala, oko kunokonga umhlaba.Ekubeni ukulima okungenamhlaba kunokudala ngokufanelekileyo indawo engqongileyo ye-rhizosphere ukuze ithathe indawo yendalo yomhlaba, inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo izifo eziqhubekayo zokutshala umhlaba kunye nemiqobo ye-physiological ebangelwa kukuqokelela kwetyuwa yomhlaba, kwaye ihlangabezane ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zezityalo kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo ezifana nesondlo sezimbiwa, ukufuma, kunye negesi.Ukulungiswa ngokwenziwa Isisombululo senkcubeko sinokubonelela ngeemfuno zezondlo zezityalo zesityalo, kwaye ukubunjwa kulula ukulawula.Kwaye inokulungelelaniswa nangaliphi na ixesha, kwiindawo apho kungekho mhlaba ekukhanyeni okufanelekileyo kunye nokushisa, ngokude nje kukho umlinganiselo othile wamanzi ahlambulukileyo, unokwenziwa.
Ke, zeziphi iingenelo zetekhnoloji yenkcubeko engenamhlaba
1. Ukukhula kakuhle kwesityalo kunye nesivuno esikhulu
Ukulima ngaphandle komhlaba kunganika umdlalo opheleleyo kwisakhono semveliso yezityalo.Xa kuthelekiswa nokulinywa komhlaba, isivuno sinokunyuswa ngokukhawuleza okanye amashumi amaxesha.Ekulimeni okungenamhlaba, izondlo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezifunekayo ekukhuleni kwezityalo zenziwe ngobuchule kwisisombululo sezondlo kwaye zifakwe, ezingayi kulahleka kuphela, kodwa ziphinde zigcine ibhalansi.Inokubonelela ngezondlo ngokwenzululwazi kwaye iqhube ubisi lwefomula ngokweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentyatyambo kunye nemithi kunye nezigaba ezahlukeneyo zokukhula kunye nophuhliso.Izithole zikhula ngokukhawuleza, ixesha lokukhula lifutshane, inkqubo yeengcambu iphuhliswe kakuhle, izithole zomelele kwaye zicocekile, kwaye ixesha elicothayo emva kokutyala lifutshane kwaye kulula ukuphila.Nokuba sisithole se-matrix okanye isisombululo sezondlo, amanzi aneleyo kunye nokubonelela ngezondlo kunokuqinisekiswa, kwaye i-matrix inokungena kakuhle umoya.Kwangaxeshanye, ukulinywa kwezithole ezingenamhlaba kukulungele kulawulo lwezenzululwazi kunye nomgangatho.
2. Yiphephe imiqobo eqhubekayo yokulima izityalo
Kwindawo yokulima, umhlaba awufane uvuzwe yimvula yendalo, kwaye intshukumo yamanzi kunye nezondlo isuka emazantsi ukuya phezulu.Ukuguquka kwamanzi omhlaba ngumphunga kunye nokutshintshela kwesityalo kubangela ukuba izakhi zeminerali emhlabeni zihambe ukusuka kumaleko ongaphantsi komhlaba ukuya kumaleko angaphezulu.Unyaka nonyaka, unyaka nonyaka, ityuwa eninzi iqokelelana phezu komhlaba, nto leyo eyingozi kwizityalo.Emva kokusetyenziswa kwenkcubeko engenamhlaba, ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwe-hydroponics, le ngxaki isonjululwe ngokusisiseko.Izifo ezibangelwa ngumhlaba zikwayindawo enzima ekulinyweni kwendawo.Ukubulala iintsholongwane emhlabeni akunzima nje kuphela kodwa kudla amandla amaninzi, iindleko zinkulu, kwaye kunzima ukutshabalalisa iintsholongwane ngokucokisekileyo.Ukuba ukubulala iintsholongwane ngamayeza kukunqongophala kwamayeza asebenzayo, kwangaxeshanye, iintsalela zezithako eziyingozi kumayeza zikwabeka emngciphekweni impilo kwaye zingcolise indalo esingqongileyo.Ukulima ngaphandle komhlaba yindlela esebenzayo yokuphepha okanye ukuphelisa ngokusisiseko izifo ezibangelwa ngumhlaba.
3. Qinisekisa ucoceko kunye nokucoceka, ukunciphisa izinambuzane kunye nezifo
ubuchwepheshe bokulima obungenamhlaba luhlobo lobuchwephesha bokulima obungenalungcoliseko, obunokunciphisa ukwenzeka kwezifo zezityalo kunye nezinambuzane, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukukhula okunempilo kwezityalo, impilo kunye nococeko lwezityalo.
4.ngokuhambelana neemfuno zophuhliso
Ngokuhambelana neemfuno zophuhliso lwezolimo zanamhlanje, kwinkqubo yokulima okungenamhlaba, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni iinkqubo zokulima, ukonga abasebenzi, kunye nokomeleza ulawulo lweendlela zokulima.Iyakwazi ukulungelelanisa ukuxinwa kwesisombululo sezondlo ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yobugcisa yanamhlanje ukuqinisekisa ukukhula kwezityalo Ukunikezelwa kwesondlo.
5. Yonga abasebenzi, amanzi kunye nesichumiso
Njengoko kungekho mfuneko yokuqhubela phambili ukulima umhlaba, ukulungiswa komhlaba, ukuchumisa, ukulima kunye nokhula, ukulawulwa kwentsimi kuncitshiswa kakhulu, okungagcini nje ukusindisa umsebenzi, kodwa kunomsebenzi ophantsi.Ingaphucula kakhulu iimeko zabasebenzi kwimveliso yezolimo kwaye ilungele ukulima okonga abasebenzi.Ngaphantsi kolawulo olwenziweyo, ulawulo lwezenzululwazi lwesisombululo sezondlo lusetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwamanzi kunye nezondlo, ezinokunciphisa kakhulu ukuvuza, ukulahleka, ukuguquka kunye nokunyuka kwamanzi kunye nomanyolo ekulinyweni komhlaba.Ke ngoko, ukulima ngokungenamhlaba kwindawo eyintlango nakwindawo eyomileyo sesinye sezizathu."Iprojekthi yokonga amanzi" entle kakhulu
6. Ayithintelwa ngummandla, inokusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo indawo
Ukulima okungenamhlaba kwahlula ngokupheleleyo izityalo kwimekobume yomhlaba, ngaloo ndlela kushenxiswa imiqobo yomhlaba.Umhlaba olinyiweyo ugqalwa njengowona mthombo wendalo ulinganiselweyo, owona uxabiseke kakhulu, nongahlaziyekiyo.Ukulima ngaphandle komhlaba kubaluleke kakhulu, ngakumbi kwimimandla kunye namazwe apho kukho ukunqongophala komhlaba olinywayo.Emva kokuba ukulima okungenamhlaba kungene kwintsimi, iintlango ezininzi, iindawo ezinqabileyo okanye iindawo ekunzima ukulima emhlabeni zinokusetyenziswa ngeendlela zokulima ezingenamhlaba.Ukongezelela, ukulima ngokungenamhlaba akukhawulelwanga sisithuba.Uphahla olusicaba lwezakhiwo zasezidolophini lunokusetyenziselwa ukukhulisa imifuno neentyatyambo, nto leyo eyandisa ummandla wokulima.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-19-2021
