Ukulima okungenamhlabathi kubhekisela endleleni yokulima lapho inhlabathi yemvelo ingasetshenziswa khona kodwa i-substrate isetshenziswa noma i-substrate kuphela esetshenziselwa ukutshala izithombo, futhi isisombululo somsoco sisetshenziselwa ukuchelela emva kokutshala, okungahle konga umhlaba.Njengoba ukulima okungenamhlabathi kungakha indawo enhle ye-rhizosphere esikhundleni semvelo yenhlabathi, kungavimbela ngokuphumelelayo izifo ezikhulayo zenhlabathi nezithiyo zomzimba ezibangelwa ukuqoqwa kukasawoti enhlabathini, futhi kuhlangabezane ngokugcwele nezidingo zezitshalo zezimo zemvelo ezifana nokudla kwamaminerali, umswakama, kanye negesi.Ukulungiswa ngokwenziwa Isixazululo sesiko singahlinzeka ngezidingo zomsoco wesitshalo, futhi ukwakheka kulula ukulawula.Futhi ingalungiswa nganoma isiphi isikhathi, ezindaweni lapho kungekho khona inhlabathi ekukhanyeni okufanele kanye nezinga lokushisa, inqobo nje uma kukhona inani elithile lokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ahlanzekile, kungenziwa.
Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe bamasiko angenamhlaba
1. Ukukhula kahle kwezitshalo kanye nesivuno esikhulu
Ukulima okungenamhlabathi kunganikeza umdlalo ogcwele emandleni okukhiqiza izitshalo.Uma kuqhathaniswa nokutshalwa kwenhlabathi, isivuno singandiswa ngokuphakama noma izikhathi eziyishumi.Ekulimeni okungenamhlaba, izakhi ezihlukahlukene ezidingekayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo zenziwa ngokwenziwa zibe yisisombululo sezakhi futhi zisetshenziswe, ezingeke zilahleke kuphela, kodwa futhi zigcine ibhalansi.Ingakwazi ukunikeza ngokwesayensi umsoco futhi ifake ifomula yokuvundisa ngokwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimbali nezihlahla kanye nezigaba ezahlukene zokukhula nokukhula.Izithombo zikhula ngokushesha, iminyaka yezithombo ifushane, uhlelo lwezimpande luthuthuke kahle, izithombo ziqinile futhi zihlelekile, futhi isikhathi sokuhamba kancane emva kokutshala sifushane futhi kulula ukuphila.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisithombo se-matrix noma isithombo sesisombululo sezakhi, amanzi anele kanye nezakhi zomsoco zingaqinisekiswa, futhi i-matrix ingangena kahle umoya.Ngasikhathi sinye, ukutshalwa kwezithombo okungenanhlabathi kulungele ukuphathwa kwesayensi nokujwayelekile.
2. Gwema izithiyo eziqhubekayo zokutshala emhlabathini
Ekulinyweni kwendawo, inhlabathi ayivamisile ukunethwa yimvula yemvelo, futhi indlela amanzi kanye nezakhamzimba ezihamba ngayo isuka phansi iye phezulu.Ukuhwamuka kwamanzi omhlaba kanye nokuguquguquka kwezitshalo kubangela ukuthi izakhi zamaminerali ezisenhlabathini zisuke ungqimba olungaphansi lomhlabathi ziye ongqimbeni olungaphezulu.Unyaka nonyaka, unyaka nonyaka, usawoti omningi unqwabelana phezu komhlabathi, oyingozi ezitshalweni.Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwesiko elingenamhlabathi, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydroponics, le nkinga ixazululwa ngokuyisisekelo.Izifo ezithwalwa umhlabathi nazo ziyiphuzu elinzima ekulinyweni kwendawo.Ukubulala amagciwane emhlabathini akunzima nje kuphela kodwa futhi kudla amandla amaningi, izindleko zinkulu, futhi kunzima ukuqeda amagciwane ngokuphelele.Uma ukubulala amagciwane ngemithi kuwukuntuleka kwemithi esebenzayo, ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinsalela zezithako eziyingozi emithini yezokwelapha nazo zifaka impilo engozini futhi zingcolise imvelo.Ukutshala okungenamhlaba kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokugwema noma ukuqeda izifo ezitholakala emhlabathini.
3. Qinisekisa inhlanzeko nenhlanzeko, unciphise izinambuzane nezifo
ubuchwepheshe bokulima obungenamhlabathi buwuhlobo lobuchwepheshe bokulima obungenawo ukungcola, obunganciphisa ukuvela kwezifo zezitshalo nezinambuzane, futhi kuqinisekise ukukhula okunempilo kwezitshalo, impilo kanye nokukhucululwa kwendle kwezitshalo.
4.ngokuhambisana nezidingo zentuthuko
Ngokuhambisana nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo zesimanje, ekulimeni okungenamhlaba, kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni izinqubo zokulima, ukonga abasebenzi, kanye nokuqinisa ukuphathwa kwamasu okulima.Ingakwazi ukulungisa ukugcwala kwesisombululo sezakhi ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yesimanje yobuchwepheshe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhula kwezitshalo Ukunikezwa kokudla okunomsoco.
5. Yonga abasebenzi, amanzi kanye nomanyolo
Njengoba asikho isidingo sokwenza ukulima kwenhlabathi, ukulungiswa komhlaba, ukuvundisa, ukutshala nokhula, ukuphathwa kwensimu kuncipha kakhulu, okungagcini nje ngokusindisa umsebenzi, kodwa futhi kunomsebenzi ophansi wokusebenza.Ingathuthukisa kakhulu izimo zezisebenzi zokukhiqiza ezolimo futhi ilungele ukulima okonga abasebenzi.Ngaphansi kokulawulwa kokwenziwa, ukuphathwa kwesayensi kwesisombululo sezakhi kusetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi nezakhi, okunganciphisa kakhulu ukuvuza, ukulahlekelwa, ukuguquguquka nokuhwamuka kwamanzi kanye nomanyolo ekulinyweni kwenhlabathi.Ngakho-ke, ukutshala okungenamhlaba ezindaweni eziwugwadule nasezindaweni ezomile nakho kungesinye sezizathu."Iphrojekthi yokonga amanzi" enhle kakhulu
6. Ayivinjelwe isifunda, ingasebenzisa ngokugcwele indawo
Ukulima okungenamhlabathi kuhlukanisa izitshalo ngokuphelele nemvelo yomhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela kuqedwe izingqinamba zomhlaba.Umhlaba olinywayo uthathwa njengowumthombo wemvelo olinganiselwe, oyigugu kakhulu futhi ongavuseleleki.Ukulima okungenamhlaba kubaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni nasemazweni lapho kushoda khona umhlaba olinywayo.Ngemuva kokuthi ukulima okungenamhlaba kungene ensimini, izingwadule eziningi, izindawo ezingenalutho noma izindawo okunzima ukuzilima emhlabeni zingasetshenziswa ngezindlela zokulima ezingenamhlaba.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulima okungenamhlaba akunqunyelwe indawo.Uphahla oluyisicaba lwezakhiwo zasemadolobheni lungasetshenziselwa ukutshala imifino nezimbali, okunweba cishe indawo yokulima.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-19-2021
