Kulima mopanda dothi kumatanthawuza njira yolima yomwe nthaka yachilengedwe sigwiritsidwa ntchito koma gawo laling'ono limagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena gawo laling'ono lokha ndilomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kulima mbande, ndipo njira ya michere imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira mukabzala, zomwe zingapulumutse nthaka.Popeza kulima dothi akhoza chongopeka kulenga yabwino rhizosphere chilengedwe m'malo nthaka chilengedwe, akhoza bwino kuteteza nthaka mosalekeza cropping matenda ndi zopinga zokhudza thupi chifukwa cha dothi kudzikundikira mchere, ndi kukwaniritsa zonse zofunika za mbewu kwa zinthu zachilengedwe monga mchere zakudya, chinyezi, ndi gasi.Kukonzekera mwapang'onopang'ono Njira yothetsera chikhalidwe imatha kupereka zofunikira za mchere wa zomera, ndipo kapangidwe kake ndi kosavuta kulamulira.Ndipo zikhoza kusinthidwa nthawi iliyonse, m'malo omwe mulibe dothi pa kuwala ndi kutentha koyenera, malinga ngati pali madzi enaake abwino, zikhoza kuchitika.
Kotero, ubwino waukadaulo wa chikhalidwe chopanda dothi ndi chiyani
1. Kukula bwino kwa mbewu ndi zokolola zambiri
Kulima mopanda dothi kungapereke mwayi wokwanira wokolola mbewu.Poyerekeza ndi kulima nthaka, zokolola zitha kuchulukitsidwa mochulukira kapena kambirimbiri.Pakulima kopanda dothi, zakudya zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimafunikira kuti zikule zikule zimapangidwira mwachisawawa kuti zikhale zopatsa thanzi ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito, zomwe sizidzatayika zokha, komanso zimasunga bwino.Imatha kupereka zakudya mwasayansi ndikuphatikiza feteleza molingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa ndi mitengo komanso kukula ndi kukula kosiyanasiyana.Mbande zimakula mofulumira, zaka za mbande ndi zazifupi, mizu imakula bwino, mbande zimakhala zamphamvu komanso zaudongo, ndipo nthawi yochedwa mbande mutabzala ndi yochepa komanso yosavuta kupulumuka.Mosasamala kanthu kuti ndi mbande ya matrix kapena mbande yothetsera michere, madzi okwanira ndi michere imatha kutsimikizika, ndipo matrix amatha kupitsidwa bwino ndi mpweya.Pa nthawi yomweyi, kulima mbande zopanda dothi ndikosavuta kwa sayansi komanso kasamalidwe koyenera.
2. Pewani zopinga zokolola zomwe sizingachitike
M'malo olima, nthaka simagwetsedwa kawirikawiri ndi mvula yachilengedwe, ndipo kayendedwe ka madzi ndi zakudya kumakhala pansi mpaka pansi.Kuchuluka kwa madzi a munthaka ndi kuwonongeka kwa mbeu kumapangitsa kuti mamineral a munthaka asunthike kuchoka pansi pa nthaka kupita pamwamba.Chaka ndi chaka, chaka ndi chaka, mchere wambiri umachuluka pamwamba pa nthaka, zomwe zimawononga mbewu.Pambuyo pakugwiritsa ntchito chikhalidwe chopanda dothi, makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito hydroponics, vutoli limathetsedwa.Matenda oyambitsidwa ndi dothi nawonso ndi malo ovuta kulima malo.Kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nthaka sikovuta kokha komanso kumawononga mphamvu zambiri, mtengo wake ndi wochuluka, ndipo n'kovuta kuumitsa bwinobwino.Ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kusowa kwa mankhwala ogwira mtima, nthawi yomweyo, zotsalira za zinthu zovulaza m'mankhwala zimayikanso pachiwopsezo cha thanzi ndikuwononga chilengedwe.Kulima mopanda dothi ndi njira yabwino yopewera kapena kuchotseratu matenda obwera m'nthaka.
3. Onetsetsani zaukhondo ndi ukhondo, kuchepetsa tizirombo ndi matenda
Ukadaulo wakulima wopanda dothi ndi mtundu waukadaulo wolima wopanda kuipitsidwa, womwe ungachepetse kupezeka kwa matenda amtundu ndi tizilombo toononga, ndikuwonetsetsa kukula kwabwino kwa zomera, thanzi ndi ukhondo wa zomera.
4. mogwirizana ndi zofunikira zachitukuko
Mogwirizana ndi zofunikira zachitukuko cha ulimi wamakono, polima popanda dothi, zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pochepetsa njira zolima, kupulumutsa ntchito, ndi kulimbikitsa kasamalidwe ka njira zolima.Itha kusintha kuchuluka kwa michere kudzera muzochita zamakono kuti zitsimikizire kukula kwa mbewu Kupereka zakudya.
5. Sungani ntchito, madzi, ndi feteleza
Popeza palibe chifukwa chochitira kulima nthaka, kukonza nthaka, feteleza, kulima ndi kupalira, kusamalira munda kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, zomwe sizimangopulumutsa ntchito, komanso zimakhala ndi ntchito yochepa.Ikhoza kupititsa patsogolo ntchito za ulimi ndipo imathandizira kulima kopulumutsa anthu.Poyang'aniridwa mochita kupanga, kasamalidwe ka sayansi ka mankhwala opangira michere amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti madzi ndi zakudya zimachokera, zomwe zingathe kuchepetsa kwambiri kutayikira, kutaya, kuphulika ndi kutuluka kwa madzi ndi feteleza mu nthaka.Choncho, kulima kopanda dothi m'chipululu ndi malo owuma ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa.Ntchito yabwino kwambiri "yopulumutsa madzi"
6. Osaletsedwa ndi dera, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito malo mokwanira
Kulima kopanda dothi kumalekanitsatu mbewu ndi chilengedwe cha nthaka, motero kuchotsa zopinga za nthaka.Malo olimidwa amaonedwa kuti ndi malo achilengedwe ochepa, amtengo wapatali, komanso osawonjezedwanso.Kulima mopanda dothi kuli ndi tanthauzo lapadera, makamaka m’zigawo ndi mayiko kumene kuli kusowa kwa malo olimidwa.Pambuyo kulima kopanda dothi kulowa m'munda, zipululu zambiri, zipululu kapena malo ovuta kulima padziko lapansi angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi njira zolima zopanda dothi.Kuonjezera apo, kulima popanda dothi sikuli malire ndi malo.Denga lathyathyathya la nyumba zamatawuni atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kubzala masamba ndi maluwa, zomwe zimakulitsa malo olimapo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-19-2021
